There are many kinds of clothing in traditional Chinese dress system during the five thousand years of history and culture in China. Chinese costume of the Han people (the predominant ethnic group of China). From the reign of Emperor Huang to the middle of the 17th century (the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty), Hanfu, centered on Chinese etiquette culture, has formed unique features and characteristics of the Han nationality through natural evolution, which is obviously different from the traditional Chinese clothing and accessories system of other nationalities. With the history of more than four thousand years, Hanfu bears outstanding handicraft and aesthetics of Han nationality such as dye, weave, and embroider, and inherits more than 30 Chinese intangible cultural heritage. Hanfu has evolved with the change of fashion since its appearance. Unlike modern times, traditional Chinese men’s clothing is similar to Chinese women’s clothing in some aspects. Chinese jacket or gown. Shenyi means the deep robe which is a combination of tunic and skirt. ” in Chinese. When the skirt on the left side and the right side cross over the chest, they naturally form a cross collar. Generally, the basic structure of Hanfu consists an underwear, an inner garment, and an overcoat. Hanfu has wide sleeves which make the lines soft and elegant. The two straight lines intersecting in the middle of the clothing represents the symmetry of traditional culture, showing the unique sense of integrity, which symbolizes a man should be impartial. Another important feature of Hanfu is tying with the sash in place of buttons. In general, Hanfu does not use buttons. It is usually tied with a knot to tie the clothes. Even if buttons are useful, they are always hidden inside the garment without being exposed. At the same time, according to different occasions, people choose different patterns. The informal wear of Hanfu includes Yi on the top and Qun or Chang (pants and skirts for both genders) with a one-piece robe. There are a lot of patterns with auspicious meanings on Hanfu. The formal wear is only dressed at formal rituals like important sacrifices or religious activities usually with long wear with long sleeves. As for the court dress, it can only dressed at very formal and important occasions in the presence of the monarch. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the dressing system was gradually perfected, and a dressing system centered on the “Tianzi Mianfu” (the emperor wears Mianfu) was formed. And Shenyi was invented at that time as well. Later in Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (202 BC – 220 AD) Dynasties, the dressing system was reformed and had new styles. The earliest Hanfu form took shape during Xia (21th BC – 16th Century BC), Shang (17th – 11th Century BC) and Zhou Dynasties (11th Century BC – 256 BC). The crown was formed as the main mark of social ranks. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), men usually wore a small black kerchief to cover the hair, while women wore high waist dress. After the Tang Dynasty, people added buttons on military uniforms. After that, the western dressing style got popular in China and people didn’t wear Hanfu anymore. Hanfu disappeared at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) when the Manchus established the regime and banned traditional Hanfu. Chinese civilization is also called “Hua Xia”. “Hua” means the beauty of the dress and decoration which is Hanfu, and “Xia” is the grandeur of rites and social conduct. It is obvious to find that Hanfu plays an important role in traditional Chinese culture. Many East Asian national costumes such as the Japanese Kimono and the Korean Hanbok still share the basic style with Hanfu, as historically these nations were largely influenced by Han culture. Hanfu is also associated with Chinese etiquettes such as Hair pinning ceremonies, weddings, and sacrificial rites. For example, men over the fourth rank should wear Mianfu. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, people with different ranks should wear different Hanfu at their weddings. There are about six types of Mianfu at sacrificial rites and five different types of Hanfu in Chinese mourning apparels. Sacrificial rites are the highest etiquette in China. Under the guidance of students or teachers, various Hanfu clubs have been established in various universities at home and abroad. In the Internet era, Hanfu has been more and more frequently showed on TV and screen as well as on various cultural stages including Beijing Olympic Games which had shown Chinese culture to people all over the world. Besides, it appears Modern Hanfu which inherits the essence of traditional Hanfu and has been innovated and developed in combination with the needs of modern social life. With the development of Chinese society, Hanfu has been paid more attention to the Chinese again. It can be worn for general ceremonial occasions that could be more widely and more frequently used than the traditional Hanfu.
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