Chima is a generic term for the skirt worn together with jeogori, or a short jacket in hanbok, Korean traditional clothing. It is also referred to as sang (裳) or gun (裙) in hanja in the Korean language. While the jeogori has evolved over time, the chima has remained relatively unchanged throughout time. Basic forms of ancient chima date back to the Goguryeo era (37 BC-668 AD). One popular fashion was the A-line chima. Later on in the Goguryeo Kingdom, the jeogori became shorter and shorter, showing off more of the chima. Tang dynasty’s clothing was also introduced in Korea. Tang dynasty’s high-waist qun with a short ru (Chinese: 襦) or from a later revival of the Tang dynasty fashion. In Joseon, the clothing which was worn during the Silla period was progressively altered until it became what is now recognized as the traditional hanbok. The chima is a floor length wrap around skirt with a wide waistband positioned above the chest. The Chinese court clothing which were worn in China’s Tang dynasty appears to have largely influenced the design of the women’s hanbok. Traditionally, women needed to wear about five to seven layers of undergarments which consisted of pants and underskirts, this made the skirt look more voluminous and provide a more elegant look. However, modern women usually wear one layer of undergarment, typically panties. There are different kinds of chima: single-layered, double-layered, and quilted. With the high placement of the waistband it allows the skirt to have a more billowy look, which can give greater freedom of movement. The upper class usually use ramie as the fabric to make for summer chima while plain and patterned silks are used throughout the remainder of the year. Furthermore, pul-chima refers to a chima with a separated back, whereas a tong-chima has a seamed back. Women in the upper class wore a long chima which falls down to the floor while women in the lower class wore a shorter chima which length reaches to the calf of the leg. By contrast, commoners were restricted to using cotton for their chima. Korean noblewomen wore full length chima to designate their social status. Blue chima decorated with geumbak worn with a dangui, a style of royal costume. Different colours and lengths indicated important social distinctions such as: age, marital status, and class. Nowadays, the hanbok worn by Korean is colourful due to the Western influences which Korean to become a free society where Koreans could choose what and what colours they want to wear. Wearing colourful hanbok is, however, a clear contrast from the traditional use of white hanbok. Korean commoners rarely wore primary coloured hanbok, and they were only allowed to wear it for special occasions, such as seasonal festivals, weddings, and for ceremonial events. For thousands of years and nearly exclusively, most Koreans only wore white clothes. They donned colored clothing on special occasions. In Korean culture, white has traditionally been a symbol of nobility and innocence; and a result, Koreans would wear white during their lives from birth to death. In Goryeo and Joseon, the use of white clothing was banned by King Chung Yeol in the 13th century and by many Joseon kings which even included King Sejong, but this did not stop the tradition of wearing white clothing to continue until the early 20th century. In Modern times, the use of white hanbok is often associated with resistance and is mostly worn for funerals. Moreover, the Korean commoners’ clothing were mainly un-dyed and plain. In addition, Goguryeo women also wore saekdong chima that is a colourfully striped skirt by patchworking, and a chima in form of gored skirt, made by sewing several pieces of fabric without gathering. Girls and unmarried women usually wore red skirts, while married women and middle-aged women wore blue skirts and elderly women wore gray skirts. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chima. 치마 (in Korean). Nate / EncyKorea. 치마 (in Korean). Nate / Britannica. 치마 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Ladner, Mimsie (25 January 2017). “Hanbok: An Introduction to South Korea’s National Dress”. Haeoe Hongbowŏn. Seoul, Republic of Korea. Kim, munja. “ko: 고분 벽화에 표현된 고구려 복식(Koguryo’s costume on the tomb mural)”. Guide to Korean culture. 우리 역사넷 (Our history net). Abby Lillethun. London. UK. Welters, Linda (2018). Fashion history : a global view. Encyclopedia of national dress : traditional clothing around the world. Jill Condra. Santa Barbara, Calif. Ju-Ri, Yu; Jeong-Mee, modern qipao dress Kim (2006). “A Study on Costume Culture Interchange Resulting from Political Factors”. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. The National Folk Museum of Korea (South Korea). Korean Costumes through the Ages: Commemorating the Centennial of Korean Immigration to the United States. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. Senior Honors Theses – via Liberty University. Tibberts, Jennifer (2021-01-01). “Investigating How Qipao and Hanfu Dresses are Representative of China”. Hua, Mei; 华梅 (2004). Zhongguo fu shi (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion. Valerie Steele. Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Kalbi (2015-02-16). “Hanbok (Korean Traditional Clothing) – A familiar Korean culture symbol”. Clark, Donald N. (2000). Culture and customs of Korea. Lee, Samuel Songhoon (2013). Hanbok : Timeless fashion tradition. Han’guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan. Seo, Bong-Ha (2015). “White Hanbok as an Expression of Resistance in Modern Korea”. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). This page was last edited on 5 December 2024, at 07:15 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply. 치마 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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